un neurologue : a neurologist
Anatomy
les récepteurs : the receptors
la gaine de myéline : the myelin sheath
les nœuds : the nodes
le système nerveux central : the central nervous system (CNS)
le tronc cérébral : the brain stem
le noyau : the nucleus
l’axone : the axon
les dendrites : the dendrites
le cerveau : the cerebrum
le cervelet the cerebellum
la moelle épinière : the spinal cord
les nerfs crâniens/ rachidiens : the cranial/ spinal nerves
General terms
la sensibilité the sensory function
la motricité the motor function
un influx nerveux a nerve impulse
Symptoms and diseases
céphalée headache
la migraine migraine
crise seizure/ fit
tics tics
perte de connaissance loss of consciousness
dépression depression
paralysie palsy/ paralysis
myoclonie myoclonus
tremblement tremor
somnolent drowsy
tonus tone
paresthésie paresthesia
perte d’équilibre loss of balance
hémiparésie hemiparesis
méningite meningitis
vertige vertigo
épilepsie epilepsy
sclérose en plaques multiple sclerosis (MS)
un AVC a stroke
un traumatisme a trauma
une tumeur cérébrale a brain tumour
la maladie de Parkinson Parkinson’s
la maladie d’Alzheimer Alzheimer’s
coma a coma
commotion cérébrale concussion
lésions cérébrales brain injuries
Investigations
analyse du liquide céphalorachidien (LCR) cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF)
ponction lombaire lumbar puncture/spinal tap
radiographie du crâne head X-ray
Electroencéphalogramme EEG
Scanner cérébral cerebral CT scan
Clinical examination
Would you describe the headache as pulsating or throbbing?
Does nausea accompany the headache?
Do you ever suffer from vertigo?
Did you faint? Vous êtes-vous évanoui?
Do you suffer from sensory hallucinations?
Can you recall any of the objects you have just seen?
Can you remember recent events?
Are you depressed?
Do you have decreased interest in daily life activities?
Have you ever suffered loss of speech?
Case reports
Question 1: Investigation of epilepsy
Options:
A. CT scan of the head
B. blood glucose
C. Lumbar puncture
For each case below, choose the SINGLE most discriminating investigation from the above list of options. Each option may be used once or more than once.
1. A 53-year-old obese man presents with sweating, tremor, drowsiness, fits and agitation. His wife denies any history of alcoholism. B
2. A 12-year-old girl is brought to the Accident and Emergency Department by her parents complaining of a persistent rash, photophobia, and neck pain. C
3. A 35-year-old mechanic has recurrent epilepticform attacks. He has no history of trauma. A
4. An 18-year-old student is brought to the Accident and Emergency Department by ambulance having been flung off his bicycle in a road traffic accident. Upon arrival, he is noted to have deterioration in consciousness. A
5. A 32-year-old boxer presents with headache, drowsiness, seizures, and a rising blood pressure. A
Give the neurological disease corresponding to the definition:
1) a disease marked by recurrent, uncontrollable, brief episodes of sleep : ___________________
2) A condition which includes involuntary movements, tics, use of foul words and respiratory disorders: ________________________
3) a disease where a person experiences progressive dementia due to nerve cell loss in specific brain areas: _________________________
4) A neurological disorder characterized by short, periodic attacks of motor, sensory, or psychological malfunction : ________________
5) A progressive destruction of the myelin sheaths of neurons in the central nervous system, short-circuiting conduction pathways: _____________
6) A progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia and substantia nigra of the cerebrum resulting in decreased production of dopamine that leads to tremor, slowing of voluntary movements, and muscle weakness: ____________________
7) Inflammation of the meninges: ____________________
8) Loss or impairment of motor function due to a lesion of nervous or muscular origin: _______________________
Translate in English:
1) Cette patiente souffre de sclérose en plaques depuis juillet. La gaine de myéline est endommagée, ce qui entraîne une paralysie progressive de ses membres.
2) Il était neurologue depuis 6 ans lorsqu’il a commencé à se plaindre de pertes d’équilibre, de conscience et de mémoire.
