Anatomy
le cœur the heart
le péricarde the pericardium
le feuillet pariétal the parietal layer
le liquide péricardique the pericardial fluid
la paroi the wall
le myocarde the myocardium
le ventricule the ventricle
l’oreillette the atrium (pl. atria) [ei]
the cusp
tricuspide tricuspid
les valvules the valves
l’artère the artery
l’aorte aorta
la veine cave vena cava
les artères coronaires the coronary arteries
le nœud sinusal sinoatrial node
l’apex apex (pl: apices)
General terms
diastole/systole diastole/systole
tension pressure
la circulation sanguine the blood stream
le flux sanguine the blood flow
débit cardiaque cardiac output
fréquence cardiaque (FC) heart rate (HR)
remplissage filling
foyer area
apport sanguin blood supply
le pouls the pulse
réanimation cardio-pulmonaire cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Heart diseases
être cardiaque have heart trouble
angor angina pectoris
Accident vasculaire cérébral(AVC) stroke/cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
crise cardiaque heart attack
athérosclérose atherosclerosis
un embole an embolus
un caillot a blood clot
tachycardie tachycardia
maladie coronarienne coronary artery disease
dissection aortique dissecting aortic aneurysm
rétrécissement aortique aortic stenosis
douleur thoracique chest pain
souffle systolique systolic murmur
infarctus du myocarde myocardial infarction
facteurs de risques risk factors
mauvaise circulation sanguine poor circulation
quantité totale de cholestérol total amount of cholesterol
taux élevé de cholestérol high blood cholesterol levels
formation des plaques plaque formation
dépôts graisseux fat deposits
douleur thoracique chest pain
habitudes alimentaires eating habits/diet
personnes obèses overweight people
Sédentarité lack of regular exercise
Prédisposition héréditaire genetic predisposition
Useful verbs
(se) relâcher relax
palpiter throb
pomper pump
refluer flow back
battre/battement beat
augmenter rise
réduire lower
se déverser empty
Clinical examination
Avez-vous une alimentation riche en graisses? Do you have a fatty diet?
Avez-vous récemment perdu du poids? Have you recently lost weight?
Avez-vous l’impression d’un raté du cœur? Do you feel that your heart skips a beat?
Palpitations palpitations
Ces palpitations se déclenchent-elles brutalement?
Is the onset of the palpitations sudden?
Qu’est-ce qui déclenche ces palpitations? What brings on the palpitations?
Depuis quand vous plaignez-vous de palpitations?
How long have you been complaining of palpitations?
Quelle est leur fréquence? How often do you get them?
L’accès se termine-t-il progressivement/brutalement?
Is the end of the attack sudden/gradual?
syncope syncope
Avez-vous déjà perdu connaissance? Did you ever become unconscious?
Vous êtes-vous évanoui? Did you ever faint?
Des sueurs? Did you get any sweating?
Une pâleur? Any pallor?
Des bourdonnements dans les oreilles? Buzzing in the ears?
Une vision floue? Blurred vision?
Quand avez-vous perdu connaissance? When did you get this blackout?
Au repos? While resting?
À l’effort? While exerting/doing exercise?
Au cours d’une quinte de toux? During bouts of coughing?
avoir un malaise feel faint
étourdissements light-headedness
malaise/vertiges dizziness
Avez-vous des vertiges après un changement brusque de position? Do you feel dizzy after a sudden change of posture?
Do you feel any pain in your chest?
Does it radiate to your left arm and jaw?
Are you on beta blockers?
Physical examination
un cardiologue a cardiologist/ heart specialist
frémissement thrill
choc de pointe apex beat
souffle murmur
murmure systolique systolic murmur
souffle diastolique diastolic murmur
souffle rugueux/doux rough/soft murmur
pouls fort/filant strong/thready pulse
pression artérielle blood pressure
tensiomètre blood pressure gauge
auscultation cardiaque cardiac auscultation
fréquence cardiaque heart rate
battements par minute beats per minute
chute/augmentation de la tension artérielle : drop/rise in blood pressure
électrocardiogramme electrocardiogram ECG
un ECG de repos a resting ECG
un ECG d’effort a stress ECG
ondes ascendantes et descendantes/ up and down waves
ondes T/P T-wave/P-wave
imagerie Imaging
doppler cardiaque doppler cardiography
radiographie thoracique chest x-ray
tomodensitométrie du cœur cardiac CT
magnétique du cœur (IRM) imaging MRI
bruits du cœur heart sounds
les deux bruits du cœur lubb, dupp
claquement d’ouverture et de fermeture : opening and closing clap
Je vais écouter votre cœur Let me listen to your heart
Avez-vous de la tension? Do you have high blood pressure?
Combien avez-vous normalement? / What is it usually?
Votre tension est 11-8: Your blood pressure is 110 over 80
Test your knowledge
1. Give the anatomic part corresponding to the definition:
1) a triple-layered sac that surrounds and protects the heart : _______________________
2) the superior chambers of the heart: ________________
3) the inferior chambers of the heart: ________________
4) the big vessels that transport oxygenated blood to the heart: ________________
5) a big vein that brings blood from all parts of the body to the heart: _____________________
2. Fill in the gaps:
Most heart problems result from faulty c______________ (1) circulation due to b__________ c__________ (2), or fatty a____________ p________________ (3). Reduction of blood flow is called i_____________________ (4). A_____________ p_____________ (5), literally meaning “strangled chest”, is a severe pain that usually accompanies myocardial blood flow reduction. More serious is m_______________ i______________ (6), commonly called a heart attack..
A____________________(7) is a general term that refers to an abnormality or irregularity in the heart rhythm. V___________ f________________ (8) is the most ominous of them and indicates imminent death.
In cases where the heart suddenly stops beating, cardiopulmonary r________________ (9) saves lives by keeping oxygenated blood circulating until the heart can be restarted.
C___________ artery b___________________ (10) is one way of increasing the blood supply to the heart surgically in using a blood vessel from another part of the body.
3. Give the cardiac terms corresponding to the definition:
1) The death of part of the heart muscle after coronary thrombosis : ________________________
2) A condition in which deposits of fats and minerals form on the wall of an artery and prevent blood from flowing easily: ______________________
3) A sound produced during systole which indicates an unusual condition of a heart valve: _____________________
4) A mass of material which blocks a blood vessel: _______________
5) A sudden blocking of or bleeding from a blood vessel in the brain resulting in temporary or permanent paralysis or death: ___________________________
4. Select a word from the box to match each definition below. (There are more words than you need).
tricuspid valve
vena cava
fibrillation
bypass
embolus
throb
infarction
systole
diastole
murmur
bicuspid valve
pericarditis
endocarditis
angina pectoris
pulse
1. Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart
2. An abnormal heart sound caused by improper closure of heart valves
3. Chest pain due to myocardial blood flow reduction
4. Valve that lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle
5. Rapid, random ineffectual and irregular contractions of the heart
6. A clot that travels to and suddenly blocks a blood vessel.
7. The contractive phase of the heartbeat
8. The regular expansion and contraction of an artery that can be felt with the fingers
9. One of the two large veins that takes deoxygenated blood into the right atrium
10. A surgical operation to redirect the blood, using a grafted vessel
5. Case report:
Diagnosis of heart conditions
Options:
A anterolateral myocardial infarction
B left ventricular failure
C atrial fibrillation
D acute pulmonary embolism
E acute pericarditis
F mitral stenosis
G right ventricular failure
H hypokalaemia
I hypocalcaemia
J aortic regurgitation
K inferolateral myocardial infarction
For each presentation below, chose the SINGLE most likely diagnosis from the above list of options. Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
1- A 60 year-old man presents with chest pain radiating down from the left arm. His 12 lead-electrocardiogram reveals Q waves in II, III and AVf with T wave changes in V5 and V6.
2- A 50 year-old woman presents with a fast heart rate with an irregular rhythm. There are no P waves on the electrocardiogram. She states that she has lost weight recent and is ‘nervous’. She also suffers from palpitations.
3- On auscultation, a patient is noted to have a rumbling diastolic murmur at the apex. The murmur is accentuated upon exercise.
4- A 60-year old man on digitalis and diuretics presents with weakness and lethargy. His electrocardiogram shows flat T waves and prominent U waves.
5- A 65-year old man with chronic bronchitis presents with a raised jugular venous pressure, hepatomegaly, ankle and sacral oedema.
